On this World Polio Day, it’s essential to recognize the persistent threat posed by poliomyelitis, especially in the wake of recent polio incident witnessed in Meghalaya, India1. Polio, a highly infectious viral disease which spreads through faecal–oral transmission and primarily affects children under five, leading to irreversible paralysis and, in some cases, death2. Despite decades of progress, the disease remains a global health risk, particularly for nations like India, which are polio free, however must remain vigilant to avoid resurgence3.
Dr. Prashant Udavant, Head of Neonatology and Senior Consultant in Pediatrics at Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, shares his perspective: “The battle against polio doesn’t end with the absence of cases. It’s about preventing the virus from finding any opportunity to return. That’s why starting immunization with the Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) at six weeks is non-negotiable—it creates a shield that protects not just the child, but the community3.”
India’s remarkable 12-year polio-free status is the result of widespread vaccination campaigns³. According to the WHO, nearly 1 billion doses of the polio vaccine were administered annually in India, reaching 172 million children during the final years leading up to eradication³. Yet, recent outbreaks in other parts of the world are a stark reminder of the need to remain vigilant³.
Dr. Udavant adds, “Polio may seem like a distant memory for many, but it’s a silent threat that still exists in parts of the world. We cannot afford to let our guard down. Sustaining high vaccination coverage is our best defence.”
The Indian Academy of Paediatrics Advisory Committee on Vaccines and Immunization Practices (IAP ACVIP) highlights the importance of adhering to the full vaccination schedule. This includes administering OPV at birth, IPV at 6, 10, and 14 weeks, and booster doses at 16-18 months and 4-6 years⁴. This schedule is essential to protecting against any reintroduction of the virus.
Polio outbreaks in previously safe regions and vaccine-derived cases show how quickly the disease can return if immunization efforts are not maintained. India, with its large population and densely populated areas, faces a particular risk if polio re-emerges. Ensuring every child receives the vaccine is a collective responsibility³,⁵.
Dr. Udavant warns, “The resurgence of polio in places previously thought safe is a wake-up call for all nations. Routine vaccinations are crucial in ensuring the virus does not return to India, where its reintroduction could have widespread consequences.”
Vaccination remains the most effective tool for preventing a resurgence of polio. By maintaining high immunization rates and supporting ongoing public health efforts, India can continue to protect future generations from this preventable disease. The global goal of polio eradication is within reach, but it requires sustained commitment from every country³,⁵.
Disclaimer: “A public welfare initiative supported by Sanofi & Dr Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd. Please consult your physician for medical advice”.
References:
1. https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-health/polio-vaccine-triggered-infection-child-meghalaya-9529759/
2. Estivariz, Concepcion F.; Link-Gelles, Ruth; Shimabukuro, Tom (2021). “Chapter 18: Poliomyelitis”. In Hall, Elisha; Wodi, A. Patricia; Hamborsky, Jennifer; Morelli, Valerie; Schillie, Sarah (eds.). Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (The Pink Book) (14th ed.). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, US). Archived from the original on 17 March 2022.
3. https://www.emro.who.int/polio-eradication/news/polio-free-india-it-seemed-impossible-until-it-was-done.html
4. Indra Shekhar Rao et al. Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) Advisory Committee on Vaccines and Immunization Practices (ACVIP): Recommended Immunization Schedule (2023) and Update on Immunization for Children Aged 0 Through 18 Years, Jan 2024
5. https://www.emro.who.int/polio-eradication/about-eradication/index.html#:~:text=In%20order%20to%20achieve%20this,any%20detection%20of%20the%20virus.
6. https://www.who.int/news/item/13-08-2024-statement-of-the-thirty-ninth-meeting-of-the-polio-ihr-emergency-committee
